The elements of a cause of action for negligence are:
- A legal duty to use due care,
- A breach of that duty,
- A reasonably close causal connection between that breach and the Plaintiff’s resulting injury, and
- Actual loss or damage to the Plaintiff.
In negligence actions for personal injury, recovery for emotional distress caused by that injury is available as an item of parasitic damages.
Common affirmative defense to negligence actions are comparative negligence, assumption of the risk, and waiver.
